Kenya experienced its warmest year on record in 2023, continuing a trend of rising temperatures linked to global climate change. Rainfall was highly variable: while the long rains (March–May) and short rains (October–December) brought above-normal precipitation in many areas—especially the coast, central highlands, and Lake Victoria Basin—parts of the year were also marked by prolonged droughts and severe flooding, driven by El Niño and a strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole. These extremes caused significant socioeconomic impacts, including widespread flood damage, crop and livestock losses, waterborne disease outbreaks, and infrastructure destruction. Over 750,000 people were affected by floods, with major disruptions in agriculture, energy, health, and transport sectors. Sea levels along Kenya’s coast rose faster than the global average, further increasing vulnerability. The report highlights the urgent need for climate adaptation and early warning systems to manage the intensifying impacts of climate extremes.